Glaciers Sculpting Valleys
By Dr Arvind Kumar
According to a recent report published in Science Daily, the beautiful and distinctive U-shaped glacial valleys, typical of alpine areas from Alaska to New Zealand, have fascinated and frustrated geologists for centuries. While it seems obvious that glaciers scoured the bedrock for millions of years, what the landscape looked like before glaciers appeared, and how the glaciers changed that landscape over time, has remained a mystery. The glaciers erased all the evidence.
The report further adds that University of California, Berkeley, and Berkeley Geochronology Center (BGC) scientists have employed a clever technique to reconstruct the landform history of a 300-square-mile area of Fiordland in New Zealand, from the early Pleistocene some 2.5 million years ago, when the world cooled and glaciers formed, through today’s warmer interglacial period.
David Shuster, who developed the novel technique, called helliumh-4/helium-3 thermochronometry has opined that all of the current landscape and relief is a result of glacial erosion. Shuster is an associate adjunct professor of earth and planetary science at UC Berkeley and a geochemist at the Berkeley Geochronology Center.
According to Kurt Cuffey, glaciologist and professor and chair of geography and a professor of earth and planetary science at UC Berkeley: “Geologists have wondered, what did the landscape look like 200,000 years ago, or 400,000 years ago, or back before the Pleistocene glaciations began? Did the valleys start out as V-shaped canyons submerged in ice, and the glacier just widened and deepened them? Or perhaps the relief was sculpted by glaciation, and it didn’t matter what the rock landscape looked like before.”
